Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by recurring episodes of partial or complete blockage of the upper airway during sleep. This blockage leads to a reduction or complete cessation of airflow, resulting in inadequate oxygen supply to the body.
Causes and Risk Factors
Anatomical Factors
- Narrow airway or large tongue
- Enlarged tonsils or adenoids
- Nasal congestion or deformity
Lifestyle Factors
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Sedentary lifestyle
Medical Conditions
- Hypothyroidism
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
Symptoms
- Loud snoring
- Pauses in breathing during sleep
- Morning headaches
- Daytime fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating
Diagnosis
Polysomnography (PSG)
- Overnight sleep study
- Measures brain waves, muscle activity, and breathing patterns
Home Sleep Testing (HST)
- Portable device to monitor breathing patterns
Physical Examination
- Throat and nasal examination
Treatment Options
Lifestyle Changes
- Weight loss
- Exercise regularly
- Quit smoking
- Sleep on your side
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
- Delivers constant airflow through a mask
Oral Appliances
- Mandibular advancement devices
Surgery
- Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)
- Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA)
Complications
- Cardiovascular disease
- Type 2 diabetes
- Depression
- Cognitive impairment
Conclusion
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea is a serious sleep disorder that can have significant consequences on overall health. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management. If you suspect you or a loved one may have OSA, consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.